C# tutorial : Notes With Code Examples / PDF

 C# tutorial : Notes  With Code Examples / PDF





 C# tutorial : Notes  With Code Examples / PDF














Introduction: 

-       C# is a strong typed language
-       C# is completely Object Oriented
-       .NET Framework v1.x is required to run programs written in C#
-       Microsoft Visual Studio’s version of C# is called Visual C#
-       csc is a C# compiler
-       Code should be written using UTF-8 character format with any file name (not necessarily .cs)
-       Compilation Steps:
File à Unicode Characters à Lexical Analysis à Syntactic Analysis à IL
-       C# compiler can generate two types of files (also known as assemblies), .exe (or C# programs), .dll (or C# libraries)
-       C# Entry Points:
o   static void Main() { }
o   int void Main() { return 0; }
o   static void Main(string[] args) { }
o   int void Main(string[] args { return args != null ? args.Length : 0; }

-       Example:
o   Creating a C# Program:  Save the following code in ANY file
           class Test {
      static void Main(){}
      }
   Open command-prompt and run
csc filename i.e. csc Tests.cs

o   Compiling C# library:  Save the following code in ANY file
           class Test {
      }
   Open command-prompt and run
csc /target:library filename
i.e. csc /target:library Tests.cs


C# Memory Management: 

-       Automatic Memory Management: System.GC.Collect(), System.GC.SupressFinalize()
-       Types are contained in Application Domain (instances)
-       Destructors are called by GC in deterministically

-       Example:
using System;
public class ForceGC {

   static object myObject =
     new ForceGC(new string(new char[] {'A','B','C'}));

   static void Main() {
     GC.SuppressFinalize(myObject);
     //GC.Collect();
   }

   internal ForceGC(string s)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("myObject has been created with: " + s); 
   }

  ~ForceGC()
  {
      Console.WriteLine(myObject + " will be destroyed now.");
  }
}

Literals In C#:

-       Integers Suffix: Any combination of ULulà 4 x 3 = 12, Ff/Dd/mM
-       Hex Prefix:  0x/0X
-       Strings:
o   Regular/Verbatim, “hello”,”\”hello\””/@”hello”,@”””hello”””
o   string  == System.String

-       Example:
using System;
public class Literals {

  static void Main() {
 
    long @long = 25L;
    ushort @ushort = (ushort) 25Ul;

    int hex = 0X19;
   
    string regular = "Hello";
    string withQuotes = "\"Hello\"";
    string verbatim = @"      ""Hello""    ";

    Console.WriteLine(@"@long: {0}, @ushort: {1}, hex: {2}, regular: {3},
                        withQuotes: {4}, verbatim: {5}", @long, @ushort, hex,
                        regular, withQuotes, verbatim);
  }
}

Rarely Used Operators of C#:
-       Left Shift : <<, <<=
-       Right Shift: >>, >>=
-       Bitwise Negation: ~
-       Integer bitwise AND, boolean logical AND: &
-       Integer bitwise XOR, boolean logical XOR: ^
-       Integer bitwise OR, boolean logical OR: |
-
       Example:
using System;
public class RareOperators {

  static void Main() {

    Console.WriteLine("8 << 2:\t{0}", 8 << 2);
    Console.WriteLine("8 >> 2:\t{0}", 8 >>2);
    Console.WriteLine("~8:\t{0}", ~8);
    Console.WriteLine("8 & 2:\t{0}", 8 & 2);
    Console.WriteLine("8 ^ 2:\t{0}", 8 ^ 2);
    Console.WriteLine("2 | 8:\t{0}", 2 | 8);
 
  }
}

Output:
8 << 2: 32  (Same as *)
8 >> 2: 2   (Same as /)
~8:     -9
8 & 2:  0
8 ^ 2:  10  (Same as +)
2 | 8:  10  (Same as +)

Pre-processing Directives In C#:

-       Used to tell the compiler while code to process/skip........











Download  C# tutorial : Notes  With Code Examples / PDF






 C# tutorial : Notes  With Code Examples / PDF

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