C# tutorial : C# and the .NET Framework / PDF

C# tutorial : C# and the .NET Framework / PDF

 

C#  goal features：

The goal of C# 2.0 is to provide a simple, safe, modern, object-oriented（面向对象的）, Internet-centric, high-performance（高效的） language for .NET development. C# is now a fully mature（成熟的） language, and it draws on the lessons learned over the past three decades. In much the way that you can see in young children the features and personalities of their parents and grandparents, you can easily see in C# the influence（影响） of Java, C++, Visual Basic (VB), and other languages, but you can also see the lessons learned since C# was first introduced.

Focus：

The focus of this book is the C# language and its use as a tool for programming on the .NET platform, specifically and especially with Visual Studio .NET 2005 (full or Express Edition).

Console applications：

Many of the programs in this book are written as console applications （控制台程序）(rather than as Windows or web applications) to facilitate concentrating on（关注于） features of the language instead of being distracted by the details of the user interface.

If you are using Mono or other non-Microsoft versions of C#, you should find that all of the programs in this book work just fine, though we have not tested on anything other than the Microsoft authorized version.

1.1 The .NET Platform (.net)

C#.net：

When Microsoft announced C# in July 2000, its unveiling(出现) was part of a much larger event: the announcement of the .NET platform. C# 2.0 represents the maturation of that language and coincides with（与..相符合） the release of the next generation of tools for .NET.

.net platform:

The .NET platform is a development framework that provides a new application programming interface (API应用编程接口) to the services and APIs of classic Windows operating systems while bringing together a number of disparate technologies that emerged from Microsoft during the late 1990s. This includes COM+ component services, a commitment（认可） to XML and object-oriented design, support for new web services protocols such as SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI, and a focus on the Internet, all integrated within the Distributed interNet Applications (DNA) architecture.

.net platform（product groups）：

Microsoft has devoted enormous resources to the development of .NET and its associated（相关的） technologies. The results of this commitment to date are impressive（给人印象深刻）. For one thing, the scope（范围） of .NET is huge. The platform consists of three product groups:

·         A set of languages, including C# and VB, a set of development tools including Visual Studio .NET, a comprehensive class library for building web services and web and Windows applications, as well as the Common Language Runtime (CLR) to execute objects built within this framework

·         Two generations of .NET Enterprise Servers: those already released and those to be released over the next 24-36 months

·         New .NET-enabled non-PC devices, from cell phones to game boxes

1.2 The .NET Framework (.NET)

.NET：

Microsoft .NET supports not only language independence(独立), but also language integration（集成）. This means that you can inherit（继承） from classes, catch exceptions（异常）, and take advantage of polymorphism（多态） across different languages. The .NET Framework makes this possible with a specification called the Common Type System (CTS公共语言运行时) that all .NET components（组件） must obey. For example, everything in .NET is an object of a specific class that derives from the root class called System.Object. The CTS supports the general concept of classes, interfaces, and delegates (which support callbacks).

 CTS

Additionally, .NET includes a Common Language Specification (CLS通用语言规范), which provides a series of basic rules that are required for language integration. The CLS determines the minimum requirements for being a .NET language. Compilers that conform to the CLS create objects that can interoperate with one another. The entire Framework Class Library (FCL) can be used by any language that conforms to the CLS.

.NET Framework Components：

The .NET Framework sits on top of the operating system, which can be any flavor（版本） of Windows， and consists of a number of components, currently including:

·         Five official languages: C#, VB, Visual C++, Visual J#, and JScript.NET

·         The CLR, an object-oriented platform for Windows and web development that all these languages share

·         A number of related class libraries, collectively known as the Framework Class Library.......

C# tutorial : C# and the .NET Framework / PDF